Equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis ( EMPF ) is an interstitial lung disease due to equine herpesvirus 5 ( EHV-5 ) . This disease was first identified in 2007 and can regard grownup horses of any breed . Horses with EMPF develop lung nodule , scar , and inflammation , which are often fateful . Although rarefied , it ’s significant for equid owners and enthusiasts to understand what expert have find about EMPF in horses .
EMPF: An Emerging Disease
Equine herpesvirus is a usual computer virus among horses worldwide . According tosome reports , all horses will have been exposed to at least one strain of EHV by the meter they get through 2 years of historic period . The 5th herpesvirus nisus , EHV-5 , is anairborne virusthat can spread as far as 35 feet . horse may also shorten the virus by using polluted bucket or feeders .
Until 2007 , EHV-5 had not been associated with any equid illnesses . All horses with EMPF have EHV-5 , but not all horses with EHV-5 develop EMPF . This disease make grow from an incitive response when EHV-5 moves into the lower airways . Although all strain may arise this disease , Thoroughbreds are particularly prone to it .
This disease causesscarring and unchewable noduleson the alveoli in the lungs . The alveoli are where the body commute atomic number 8 for atomic number 6 dioxide , and scathe to this tissue paper makes breathing unmanageable . Radiographs of affect horses show distinct patterns singular to the disease , so researcher trust this is anemerging disease , rather than one that has been undetected .
EMPF is a progressive disease , and most horses who develop it die . Theaverage ageof infection is 14.5 years , although EMPF has been diagnosed in horses as young as2 days erstwhile .
Symptoms
Horses with EMPF presentation symptom standardized to bacterial lung transmission . In blood mental testing , horses with EMPF have down in the mouth red blood cell counts ( anemia ) , lymphocytes ( lymphocytopenia ) , and oxygen levels ( hypoxemia ) . This makes EMPF difficult for veterinarians to diagnose because these are the same symptom associated withpneumonia . Some of the most unwashed signs of infection admit the following .
Diagnosis
The diagnostic method acting your veterinarian manipulation may reckon on the phase of the disease and your horse cavalry ’s condition . In late stage of EMPF , it can be difficult to obtain samples due to risk of complication .
Treatment
alas , handling for EMPF is not always successful . Treatments only handle symptom and do not check the disease ’s progress . Common therapies let in yield sham knight supplemental oxygen for hypoxemia , intravenous fluids for dehydration , andanti - inflammatory steroidsto minimize lung fervour .
Someantiviral medications , such as valacyclovir , may heal this disease , but these are expensive and it ’s stillunclearif horses consistently respond to this treatment . Most horses with EMPF are humanely euthanized due to deterioration .
Preventing EMPF in Horses
bar is unmanageable because some horses carry the EHV-5 computer virus without clinical symptoms . Although vaccinations are useable to protect sawbuck from sure herpesvirus strains ( EHV-1 and EHV-4 ) , no vaccinum exist for EHV-5 or EMPF .
Many Unknowns Surrounding EMPF Remain
The forecast for horses diagnose with EMPF is hapless due to the number of variable associated with this disease , as well as lack of controlled studies . The accurate relationship between EHV-5 and EMPF remains vague , though investigator in North America and Europe are working to get a good understanding of thisdisease .