Migraine is not just a cephalalgia . It ’s a neurologic disease that can be incapacitate . It can lead to missing mean solar day of school or work , being less fat at shoal or work , being ineffectual to execute house responsibilities , and lack out on family , societal , and leisure time activities .
An estimate one billion mass worldwide , and 39 million Americans , have migraine . It occurs most often among people ages 20 to 50 , and it ’s about 3 times more common in women than man , fit in to anarticle publish in January 2022 inJAMA .
There is no cure for megrim , but treatments and lifestyle overture can aid minimize the turn of attack a person has and castrate or reduce the severity of those that do happen .
What Is Migraine?
Migraine is a neurologic disease characterized by repeated episodes of symptoms , called plan of attack , that usually admit headache , often accompany by sickness ; vomiting ; sensitiveness to light , touch , smell , or sound ; vertigo ; optic kerfuffle ; and tingling or spiritlessness in the face , hands , or feet .
Migraine attacks may come on suddenly without word of advice , or they may be preceded by certain know triggers , such as skipping a repast , being exposed to smoke or line pollution , or go through a change in endocrine level as part of the catamenial cycle .
The frequence of onset varies from person to person . Some citizenry have attacks several times a calendar month , while others have them much less often .
Migraine can cause any or all of these symptoms in a person with the condition.
Most migraine attacks last from 4 to 72 hours , perMayo Clinic , although effectual treatment can bowdlerize them to a issue of hours . On the other hand , some migraine blast can last even longer than 72 hours .
While a form of trigger can countersink off sick headache attacks , trigger do n’t straightaway cause the attacks or the fundamental disease .
There are still gaps in doc ’ understanding of what induce migraine . However , some doctors describe the migraine brain as overactive , or hypersensitized , by which they mean that the psyche of someone with migraine reacts more strongly to environmental stimulus such as stress or quietus perturbation than the brain of someone who does n’t have megrim , resulting in the symptoms known as a migraine attack .
Types of Migraine
There are two main types of hemicrania , as sketch in theInternational Headache Society ’s ( IHS)classification of worry disorder : migraine with and migraine without aura .
Migraine with aura is further divided into four subtypes : migraine with typical aura , migraine with brain stem aura , hemiplegic hemicrania , and retinal sick headache . And some of these subtypes have sub - subtypes of their own .
A person can have more than one type of migraine at the same time , as well as other types ofheadaches .
Migraine is also categorized as continuing or episodic , base on the number of days per month a person has symptoms . Chronic migraineis determine by the IHS as headache occurring on 15 or more days per month for more than three months , which , on at least eight days per month , has the features of migraine head ache .
occasional migraine is defined as few than 15 days of migrainous symptoms per month .
An estimated 144 million people worldwide — and three to seven million Americans — have chronic migraine . As with episodic migraine , continuing migraine is up to 3 time more common in women than man , per the American Headache Society .
Identifying what eccentric of migraine you have may help you and your doctor pick out the right treatment for you . It can be crucial if you need to participate in clinical trials .
Migraine Without Aura
Formerly known as vernacular migraine , migraine without aura is characterized by a headache that ’s usually on one side of the foreland , has a pulsating quality , is worsened by forcible activity , and is accompanied by sickness or visible radiation and well-grounded sensitiveness .
Migraine without atmosphere may have a prodroma , or warning , phase , in which a soul has symptom such as depression , food for thought cravings , trouble focus , indocile yawning , and others .
It can also have a postdrome stage , when the headache bother has receded , but a mortal finger tired and achy and has trouble pore .
Alternatively , a somebody may feel jubilant and even euphoric after the cephalalgia phase of a hemicrania has decease .
Migraine With Aura
Migraine with glory , formerly call classic migraine , occurs in up to 30 percent of people who have migraine , says theAmerican Migraine Foundation ( AMF ) . It usually causes the same symptoms as megrim without aura , except that the headache form of the migraine attack is predate by neurological disturbances that may admit visual , manner of speaking , or sensory changes .
example of visual aura include seeing asterisk , zigzags , or flashing Light ; blurred visual sensation ; irregular blind or colored spots ; and burrow vision .
sensational disturbances may include a flavour of pin and needles or numbness in a part of the body , face , or tongue .
In some case , halo symptom occur with no headache accompanying or following them .
Migraine With Brain Stem Aura
This type of sick headache , formerly known as basilar - character megrim , is a rarified character of migraine with aura . It usually includes neurologic symptoms such as double vision , problems speak and hearing , dizziness , and loss of balance and coordination .
Hemiplegic Migraine
Hemiplegic migraine comes in two conformation : familial hemiplegic migraine and sporadic hemiplegic migraine . Both are characterized by aura , fever , and hemiplegia ( paralysis on one side of the body ) . Both are comparatively rarified .
Retinal Migraine
Retinal migraine is an extremely rare grounds of impermanent optical loss in one eye , per theIHS . It ’s diagnosed when a somebody has repeated attacks of one - sided ocular disturbance — include the types of visual symptoms commonly interpret in migraine aura — or sightlessness associated with migraine headache . These symptom tend to evolve over five or more minutes , may last as long as an hr , and may be accompanied or comply by a headache .
Chronic Migraine
Chronic sick headache is define as vexation pass off 15 or more days per month for at least three months , with the head ache make sick headache - like feature of speech on at least eight of those twenty-four hour period .
Given the relative frequency of symptoms in chronic sick headache , it can be impossible to limit when one migraine tone-beginning ends and another lead off . It can also be unmanageable to determine whether an individual in fact has continuing megrim or has another condition , such asmedication - overuse head ache , that would be expected to get daily or about - daily head pain .
According to The International Classification of Headache Disorders , keeping a elaborated headache diary for at least calendar month may be necessary to determine what sort of worry — or headaches — a person is experiencing .
Syndromes That May Be Associated With Migraine
Certain disorders happen more ofttimes among people with migraine or people , usually small fry , at a higher risk of developing megrim :
Cyclical Vomiting SyndromeIn cyclical disgorgement syndrome , an individual experiences fire of severe nausea and vomiting live an 60 minutes or more for up to 10 day at a sentence . Between fire , which occur on a regular cycle , the person has no symptoms of sickness or puking .
Abdominal MigraineThis case of episodic migraine is diagnosed mostly in children . symptom include abdominal pain , nausea , and emesis . Kids who experience abdominal migraine often do n’t have attacks involve head ache in adolescence but go on to develop them as adults .
Benign Paroxysmal VertigoIn this syndrome , otherwise respectable small fry experience perennial abbreviated attempt ofvertigothat come on without warning and adjudicate spontaneously without loss of consciousness . During the attacks , a tyke may have nystagmus ( uncontrolled horizontal or vertical eye movement ) , mar balance or coordination ( call ataxia ) , vomiting , sick tegument , and fearfulness .
Benign Paroxysmal TorticollisOccurring in infants and small child , this syndrome causes the head to angle to one side , with or without slight gyration , and remain tilted for minutes to days before spontaneously resuming its normal place . During the attack , the baby or small fry may be pallid and irritable , seem uncomfortable or generally unwell , vomit , or in former children , have vitiate balance or coordination .
Other Types of Headaches
Other rare case of headaches admit these varieties :
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Signs and Symptoms of Migraine
symptom of migrainevary depending on the case of migraine and on the person . In oecumenical , though , migraine plan of attack are very dreadful and can interfere with your everyday life .
The most common symptom of migraine is head pain in the neck — often name as an intense throbbing or pulsating sensation , usually on one side of the head but sometimes on both sides of the head , and sometimes set out on one side of the head and moving to the other side .
In addition to head pain , these are the most commonly reported migraine signs and symptom :
Other migraine symptom may be less common or simply less commonly report :
Migraine attacks can have four stage , with somewhat different symptoms at each stage :
Prodrome , or Warning , StageYou may notice the first foretoken of a migraine flak one or two days before the onset of aura symptom or head ache . These former admonition symptoms can include changes in mood , cravings for sure food , muscle gracelessness , hassle concentrating , sensitivity to sound or light , fatigue duty and difficulty sleep , oscitance , andfrequent urination .
Aura StageUp to one - third of the great unwashed experience the aura phase , which can last five minutes to an hour and increase in intensity over time . Aura may ask seeing lustrous stain or pattern of sparkle , and numbness or tingling in various sphere of the body but not palsy .
Headache StagePain comes with the headache phase angle , which can last several minute and up to three mean solar day . The pounding pain may pop on one side of the head and move to admit both sides . It may be accompany by sickness and vomiting as well as blurred vision and sensitivity to sure stimuli such as visible radiation and noise . People typically seek out a restrained , drear room to rest or sleep during this phase of a migraine onslaught .
Postdrome , or Hangover , StageIn the last form of a migraine attack , when the headache pain has eased , tiredness and soundbox aches may come . You may have trouble concentrating and may still be sensitised to certain stimulant .
Not everyone who has migraine experiences all four stage , and even those who normally do may not experience all four during every migraine attack .
Causes and Risk Factors of Migraine
The precise cause of hemicrania remains unsung . Research suggests that genetic and environmental broker may act a role .
Studieshave linked changes in the brain stem and the trigeminal face , which intercede nuisance , to migraine .
chemic unbalance in the brain may also be involved . Depression and anxietyhave long been link up with sick headache . A study published inHeadachefound that migraine frequence was associated with the severity of clinical depression and anxiousness : The higher the frequency of onset , the more likely a person was to experience depression or anxiousness .
Researchhas happen that serotonin level drop during migraine attacks , do the trigeminal organisation to let go substances name neuropeptides , which cause head ache pain .
A variety in the weather or barometric pressure , which can cause imbalances in encephalon chemicals , may inspire a migraine flack , agree toMayo Clinic .
Researchers have identified several key danger factors for educate migraine , including the following .
Is Migraine Heredity?
Studiesshow megrim has a secure genetic component , but the specific genes involved and the mechanics of heritage are not yet full understood .
For some rare types of sick headache , such as familial hemiplegic migraine , specific factor mutations responsible for migraine have been identified . But for most type of migraine , it ’s believed that several genes are involved in raising the likelihood a somebody will have sick headache .
still , knowing you have a family history of migraine can be helpful for several cause , including induce a correct diagnosis more quickly and feel validated and patronize in your experiences with the disease .
How Does Age Affect Risk?
People with migraine often experience their first symptoms during adolescence , per Mayo Clinic , and most people who have migraine have their first attack before they extend to age 40 . But migraine can jump at any time in life , include in infancy or childhood , look on other factors .
What About Gender?
During childhood , migraine typically affects boys more than girls , perCleveland Clinic , but this vogue revoke during adolescence . In adulthood , women are much more likely than men to have migraine . It seems that hormonal changes , specifically involvingestrogen , play a role .
Some women rule that hormonal medication such ascontraceptivesor internal secretion replacing therapy worsen migraine , while others feel that they lessen the frequency of their headaches .
Menstruation and Menopause
woman with megrim often go through flack immediately before or shortly after theirmenstrual geological period , when there is a drop in estrogen .
The relative frequency , severity , and duration of migraine may change duringpregnancyormenopause . Some women report that they experience their first migraine flak during pregnancy or that their attacks exasperate during maternity , while others get few attacks .
The above observations propose that hormonal fluctuations of oestrogen and progesterone are factor in some women with migraine . Migraine be given to be less common and hard after menopause for some women , when hormone levels are more ordered .
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Migraine Triggers
Migraine induction do n’t forthwith cause migraine . But they can contribute to the onset of a migraine attack . Often you need several triggers to top to a migraine flak , not just one .
Common triggers for migraine attacks admit the following :
Changes in the Weather
Many people report that changes in the atmospheric condition , particularly changes in barometrical pressure level , induction migraine attacks . Other weather condition - touch on migraine trigger let in heat , humidness , wind , and reduced light picture .
Poor air calibre , from wildfire or other sources of tune befoulment , can also be a trigger for some people .
Lights, Sounds, or Smells
smart lights — whether natural , such as sun glare , or the flickering of a fluorescent bulb — are live to trigger migraine in many people with the disease .
Loud noises and strong flavor ( from aroma , cleaning products , or secondhand smoke ) are also link with migraine onset .
In some casing , however , heightened sensitivity to swooning , sound , and odor are the other signs of an oncoming flack — rather than light , sound , or olfactory sensation triggering the attack .
Medications
Oral contraceptives ( birth control birth control pill ) and vasodilators , such as nitroglycerine , have been colligate to sick headache attacks . overuse pain medicine can also lead to headache .
Dehydration
harmonise to theAMF , about one - third of the great unwashed citedehydrationas a migraine trigger . Make certain you ’re drinking enough water throughout the Clarence Shepard Day Jr. to avoid dehydration .
Disrupted Sleep
Gettingtoo footling or too much sleepcan induction migraine in some people , as can changes in your sopor - wake pattern , such as jet lag .
Foods and Food Additives
sealed food and beverages , peculiarly alcoholic drinkable , can be triggers . The flavor enhancer monosodium glutamate can also be a trigger , as cancaffeine .
Foods hold back the amino acid tyramine have been associated with migraine attack . Examples include aged cheese , smoked Pisces , chicken liver , figs , certain beans , and red wine .
The nitrates in cured meats such as bacon , hot frankfurter , salami , and other lunch essence are a gun trigger for some .
Research has also suggested that the stilted sweeteners aspartame and sucralose can be trigger .
And for some people , yield such as avocados , bananas , and citrous fruit as well as some en and seeds can trigger migraine .
Missing or skipping meals can trigger attacks , too .
Stress or Relief From Stress
unremarkable tenseness can spark off a migraine attack ; the AMF reports that stress is a trigger for 70 percentage of mortal with migraine . Since having migraine can also be a source of stress , it ’s doubly important to discover way to contend daily stress so emphasis and megrim do n’t become a vicious Hz .
Interestingly , relaxing after a stressful day or event can also lead to a migraine attack . harmonize to theAMF , this is sometimes yell a “ disappointment ” headache .
How Is Migraine Diagnosed?
There ’s no single test that can lead to a diagnosis of migraine . Rather , your doctor will take your medical story , as well as obtain your family chronicle of migraine , and do a strong-arm and neurologic exam .
Your healthcare provider may order certain rip test and imaging tests to rule out other causal agency of vexation . But make one type of primary headache disorder does n’t rule out having another . In fact , many people have both migraine and stress - type headache .
observe a detailed logarithm of your symptoms , when they occur , how long they last , and what , if anything , remedy them , can help with diagnosing .
Prognosis of Migraine
Migraine has a highly variable long - term prognosis . Some people have fewer and less dangerous megrim attacks over time , while others have more attacks , sometimes transition from episodic migraine to chronic migraine . Still others have long periods of remission , during which they have no migraine attacks .
research worker are still explore the rude history of megrim , as well as what may contribute to both decreases and increase in migraine attacks over the long term .
In astudy published in 2020 in the journalHeadache , investigator survey 380 people with migraine twice , 10 year apart . Of that group , slightly over 47 percent reported a decrease in migraine attempt oftenness of 50 per centum or more at the 10 - twelvemonth mark . element associate with melioration were having a baseline frequency of more than 10 headache days per month at the start of the field of study , not smoke , and having had a medical follow - up sojourn for hemicrania during the study period .
An earlierstudy , also release inHeadache , that adopt 374 citizenry over 12 years found that for 29 percent of the group , migraine attacks had give up exclusively at the 12 - year mark . Of the 264 the great unwashed who were still experience migraine attacks , 80 percent report a change in attack frequence ( and of those , 80 percent report few attacks ) , and 66 pct report a change in pain intensity level over time ( and of these , 83 percentage reported milder pain ) . Only six citizenry in the study had developed continuing migraine over the study period . The researcher were shy whether these change reflected how migraine evolves course or better migraine management among study participants .
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Medications to Treat and Prevent Migraine Attacks
Drug treatment selection for migraine are twofold : drugs that work to alleviate symptoms once an flack has started , and drug that forbid attacks from happening or cut back their absolute frequency and severeness .
Acute Medications to Stop a Migraine Attack
Acute , or abortive , discourse for migraine include over - the - counter ( OTC ) painfulness relievers and several classes of prescription drug medicinal drug . In addition , antinausea medicinal drug can help relieve symptom for those who experience sickness and upchuck with migraine .
Over - the - counter pain relievers commonly used to treat migraine include acetaminophen ( Tylenol ) , ibuprofen ( Advil , Motrin IB ) , and naproxen ( Aleve , Naprosyn ) .
Prescription medicinal drug include :
TriptansTriptans were the first hemicrania - specific drug to come on the mart , in the 1990s , and they ’re still wide used today . They include almotriptan ( Axert ) , eletriptan ( Relpax ) , frovatriptan ( Frova ) , naratriptan ( Amerge ) , sumatriptan ( Imitrex and other brands ) , rizatriptan ( Maxalt ) , and zolmitriptan ( Zomig ) .
All triptans are available in lozenge word form , zolmitriptan and sumatriptan are also available as nasal sprays , and sumatriptan is additionally available as an injection . Triptans should be taken at the first sign of an attack , and for many mass , they effectively stop the onrush or significantly reduce migraine symptom .
However , triptans are contraindicate , or not recommended for some people , including those with uncontrolled mellow blood pressure or history of stroke or certain affection problems and those with rare contour of migraine , such as hemiplegic migraine and migraine with brainstem aura .
GepantsMore officially called calcitonin factor - bear on peptide ( CGRP ) sense organ antagonists , gepants were develop specifically to care for sick headache and admit the oral medicament ubrogepant ( Ubrelvy ) and rimegepant ( Nurtec ODT ) and the nasal sprayzavegepant ( Zavzpret ) . Gepants work by blocking the action of CGRP , a protein in the brain and nervous system involved in the transmission of painful sensation .
Unlike triptans , gepants can be used by the great unwashed with cardiovascular danger factors or stroke endangerment . They are also the only category of acute migraine drug that does n’t appear to make medicament - overutilization headache when used frequently .
DitansLasmiditan ( Reyvow ) , which is taken as an oral tablet , is the only approved drug in the ditan , or 5 - HT1F receptor agonist , year . It works similarly to triptans but does n’t press rake vessels , so it can potentially be used by some people who ca n’t take triptans because of cardiovascular risk factors .
ErgotsOne of the oldest classes drug used to treat sick headache , ergots such as ergotamine ( Ergomar ) are not commonly used in the United States today because they are tend to be less effective than other options and have more side effects . The one phase of ergot that is still wide used is dihydroergotamine ( D.H.E. 45 , Migranal , Trudhesa ) , which can be given intravenously in a infirmary or clinic setting or taken at domicile as a nasal spray .
Antinausea MedicationsDrugs that may be prescribed to address nausea link with migraine include chlorpromazine , metoclopramide ( Reglan ) , and prochlorperazine ( Compro ) .
Metoclopramide and chlorpromazine are available in pill and liquid form , or by injectant . Metoclopramide is also uncommitted as a os nasale spray . Prochlorperzine is given by tab , suppository , or injectant .
For the most effective symptom relief , it ’s crucial to take antimigraine prescription medicament and OTC pain sensation relievers as send and to follow your healthcare provider ’s instruction manual . Overuse of most medicinal drug for migraine , let in OTC drugs , can cause medication - overutilization head ache ( also known as backlash headache ) .
Preventive Medications for Migraine
Most of the medicinal drug that have a preventive , or contraceptive , effect on migraine were n’t developed specifically for migraine ; they ’re primarily used to treat cardiovascular conditions , seizures , and depressive disorder .
Two exceptions are the CGRP antibodies and theCGRP sensory receptor antagonists , or gepants .
Preventive treatment is unremarkably recommended for masses who have very severe or frequent , long - lasting migraine approach . Some hoi polloi with migraine may require both preventive treatment and acute discourse to control their attacks .
CGRP AntibodiesDeveloped specifically to lower the relative frequency of megrim attacks , the CGRP antibodies include erenumab ( Aimovig ) , fremanezumab ( Ajovy ) , galcanezumab - gnlm ( Emgality ) , and eptinezumab ( Vyepti ) . These drugs are injected once a month or infused intravenously once every three months .
like to gepants , CGRP antibodies body of work by blocking the action of CGRP . They ’ve been shown to reduce migraine days in both episodic and chronic migraine .
GepantsThe CGRP antagonists rimegepant ( Nurtec ODT ) and atogepant ( Qulipta ) are uncommitted as oral medication and are okay by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) for the prophylactic treatment of megrim .
BotoxInjections of onabotulinumtoxinA ( Botox ) every 12 weeks may also help forbid sick headache in some people with inveterate migraine . ( It ’s not FDA - approved for episodic migraine . ) However , it may take more than one set of injections to feel the benefit . Researchshows that the good effects of Botox for migraine increase with multiple treatment .
genus Beta - BlockersBeta - blockers are drugs that downhearted blood pressure . When get hold of day by day , they can help oneself prevent migraine attacks in some people . Beta - blocker used for this design include Lopressor tartrate ( Lopressor ) , propranolol ( InnoPran XL ) , and timolol .
Metoprolol is taken by tablet or capsule or give by injectant ; propranolol is give by capsule , liquid state , or injectant ; and timolol is taken as a pad of paper or instilled as an eye drop . Typically , genus Beta - blockers are pop at a low STD , which is slowly increase until an efficacious dose is reached .
AntidepressantsAs their name connote , antidepressants are taken most often to deal depression . But they can sometimes keep migraine attacks as well . Antidepressants thatresearchhas show to be effective at prevent sick headache include amitriptyline ( Elavil ) , Pamelor ( Pamelor ) , venlafaxine , and duloxetine ( Cymbalta ) . These drugs are all take as anovulatory drug or capsule .
Antiseizure DrugsCertain anticonvulsant , or antiseizure , drug are regard first - line treatment for preventing megrim , according to StatPearls . Those include valproate , valproic acid ( Depakene ) , and topiramate ( Topamax ) .
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Nerve Stimulation Devices for Migraine Relief
When medication are n’t providing fair to middling migraine relief , it may be deserving try out a nerve stimulation machine . These devices , of which there are several types , reduce pain or facilitate forbid migraine sequence by delivering electric or magnetic pulsation to selected nerves .
They are unlikely to interchange medications in a person ’s migraine direction plan , but they may help insure pain when used alongside Master of Education .
The available outside devices direct , respectively , the upper arm of the trigeminal boldness , on the forehead ; the wandering nerve nerve , via the neck ; the occipital nerve , on the back of the head ; and the peripheral nerves in the upper arm . An planted gimmick also targets the occipital spunk .
Side effects from nerve arousal run to be mild and mainly include redness , botheration , or muscle twitching at the site of the stimulant .
The main drawback of nerve input devices may be that they ’re expensive and not always covered by health insurance plans .
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Migraine Prevention
While there ’s no elbow room to completely forbid hemicrania , some people are able to lower their risk of attack by implement life-style amount , such as :
begin Enough SleepBoth too much and too little sleep can trigger a migraine onset , so it helps to do what you’re able to to keep your slumber consistent every night of the week . That means go to bed and getting up about at the same time every sidereal day , deflect excessive Napoleon , and addressing anything about your wellness or your daily routine that may be incur in the agency of reposeful quietus .
Eating Regular MealsSkipping meal is a common sick headache trigger . When food is n’t consumed at regular intervals , blood pelf grade can drop too blue , potentially leading to a migraine flack or a headache that is not migraine - have-to doe with .
Staying HydratedDrinking adequate liquidness throughout the solar day is as crucial at eating regularly . Even in people who do n’t have migraine , evaporation can contribute to vexation , and in people who do , it can lead to megrim onrush , according toMigraine Again .
Managing StressMany people say stress is a migraine initiation , so it makes sense to find way to cope life accent . What exercise best depends on the individual . Taking a social class inmindfulness - ground stress reductionis one pick that has assist many people take with the accent of chronic bother . Practicing yoga or meditation may reduce stress for some . And act with apsychotherapiston number that lend to stress can also help you repress your accent levels .
Exercising RegularlyGetting regularexerciseis another mode to carry off stress , and it also may reduce the absolute frequency and severity of migraine attacks . The caper is to start with low - wallop , low-toned - volume movement and build up bit by bit .
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Migraine Resources
People live on with migraine or a headache disorder can profit from reliable resource offering information and support . Many arrangement provide educational materials and can assist you in witness MD specialize in migraine care . There are also on-line communities that offer support as well as practical advice and tips .
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Essential Migraine Information and Support
American Headache Society ( AHS )
The AHS is specifically dedicated to helping healthcare providers stay up to date on treatment for concern and face botheration , but patients will also find a wealth of information on new migraine therapies as well as colorful infographics that present a range of tips .
American Migraine Foundation ( AMF )
work alongside the American Headache Society , this non-profit-making brass strives to link up citizenry with megrim with the care and support they postulate . The web site feature a handy doctor - locater tool and steering on a range of issues , including manage migraine at work , identifying types of headaches , utilise for Social Security disablement income , and handle emergency way visits related to hemicrania .
Association of Migraine Disorders ( AMD )
AMD recognizes that migraine is a full - physical structure stipulation , with a encompassing spectrum of symptoms . In addition to providing panoptic educational material , the organization hostsShades for Migraine , a campaign in which player raise migraine cognizance and address the stigma assort with the disease by wearing sunglass in unexpected places .
Migraine at body of work
Online Magazines and Toolkits
My Chronic Brain
This on-line magazine for people with chronic migraine is put together by volunteers who want to relate reader with helpful real stories from patients , sources of intervention , nutritional advice , and news show relate to migraine tutelage .
The INvisible Project
The INvisible Project , the flagship program of theU.S. Pain Foundation , farm on-line magazine with substantial stories and photographs of multitude knock off with chronic pain . Several editions are dedicated to people with migraine , who share how they deal with pain - relate challenge in their unremarkable lives .
Migraine Again
Migraine Again calls itself a lifestyle website for citizenry with migraine and the citizenry who have sex them . It have expert information and advice , confidential information and personal stories from people who have migraine , and articles on just about every panorama of live with migraine .
Migraine Patient Toolkit : A Guide to Your Care
The downloadable resource was produce by theSociety for Women ’s Health Researchto assist those with sick headache in getting the precaution they need , dealing with health insurance policy take , and integrate wellness practices into their life .
Migraine Apps
iHeadache
This app become strong ratings from hoi polloi with headache and migraine who utilize it to track medication , disability , and trigger , and portion out data with their doctors . The app also analyze your data to determine the type of concern you ’re having .
Migraine Buddy
design with neurologist and data point scientists , this graphic - hard app make it easy to record and monitor migraine . The technology helps affected role discover potential triggers associated with their migraine and prevent future headaches . The website also feature interesting article on the effect of alcohol on migraine , how favourite may serve , migraine auras , and other subject .
Migraine Diaries
The Migraine Trust
This British administration dedicated to supporting people affected by sick headache extend a template for tracking flack and any drug treatment you may be taking . find patterns in migraine can help with handling .
Hartford Healthcare Headache Center Migraine Diary
The PDF from this center for vexation care gives a comprehensive system for record episode and medicines . A tonality helps nail type of trigger and evaluate migraine austereness .
Common Questions & Answers
Jason Chua , MD , Ph.D. , is an assistant professor in the Department of Neurology and Division of Movement Disorders atJohns Hopkins School of Medicine . He received his training at the University of Michigan , where he get aesculapian and graduate degrees , then completed a residence in clinical neurology and a commingle clinical / research fellowship in movement disorders and neurodegeneration .
Dr. Chua ’s primary research interests are in neurodegenerative disease , with a especial direction on the cellular housekeeping pathway of autophagy and its impact on disease development in diseases such as Parkinson disease . His work has been supported by multiple research training and career development grants from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and the American Academy of Neurology . He is the primary quill or coauthor of 14 compeer - reviewed scientific issue and two equal - retrospect online learning mental faculty from the American Academy of Neurology . He is also a impart source to The Little Black Book of Neurology by Osama Zaldat , MD and Alan Lerner , MD , and has peer reviewed for the scientific journals Autophagy , eLife , and Neurobiology of Disease .
Brian P. Dunleavy is a writer and editor with more than 25 years of experience embrace issues related to health and medical specialty for both consumer and professional audiences . As a diary keeper , his piece of work has focused on new research in the treatment of infectious diseases , neurological disorderliness ( including multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer ’s disease ) , and pain in the neck direction . His work has appeared inADDitude , Consumer Reports , Health , Pain Medicine News , and Clinical Oncology News . Dunleavy is the former editor of the infectious disease particular variation at ContagionLive.com . He is also an experient sports newsman who has covered the NFL , MLB , NBA , NHL , and professional soccer for a routine of publications . He is establish in New York City .
Migraine
